sebixhttps://www.sebix.at/sebix@sebix.atsebixhttps://www.sebix.at/2014-01-02T17:46:00ZacrylamidIcinga on Lighttpd and Wheezytag:www.sebix.at,2014-01-02:/2014/icinga-on-lighttpd-and-wheezy-atom2014-01-02T17:46:00ZSebastian Wagnerhttps://www.sebix.at/sebix@sebix.at
<p>As I haven’t found any work­ing ex­am­ple con­fig­u­ra­tion for run­ning icin­ga on a sub do­main with lighttpd, I will here pre­sent my work­ing so­lu­tion.<br />
First of all, we need to in­stall the soft­ware it­self:</p>
<pre>
$ apt-get install icinga icinga-doc
</pre>
<p>We cre­ate the file <code>/etc/lighttpd/conf-available/50-icinga.conf</code> to have a con­fig­u­ra­tion which is easy en- and dis­able:<br />
<pre><code><br />
$<span class="caps">HTTP</span>[“host”] =~ “icinga.example.org” {
auth.backend = “htdigest”
auth.backend.htdigest.userfile = “/etc/lighttpd/icinga.htdigest”
auth.require = ( “/” => (
“method” => “digest”,
“realm” => “icinga”,
“require” => “valid-user”
) )</p>
server.document-root = “/usr/share/icinga/htdocs”
alias.url += (
“/cgi-bin/icinga” => “/usr/lib/cgi-bin/icinga”,
“/icinga/stylesheets” => “/etc/icinga/stylesheets/”,
“/icinga” => “/usr/share/icinga/htdocs”,
“/stylesheets” => “/etc/icinga/stylesheets/”,
)
$<span class="caps">HTTP</span>[“url”] =~ “^/cgi-bin/” {
dir-listing.activate = “disable”
cgi.assign = (
“.pl” => “/usr/bin/perl”,
“.cgi” => “”
)
}
}
</pre></code>
<p>Now we can ac­ti­vate the newly cre­at­ed con­fig and two re­quire­ments for Lighty’s con­fig using:<br />
<pre>
$ lighty-enable-mod auth cgi icinga
</pre></p>
<p>The <strong>au­then­ti­ca­tion is re­quired by icin­ga</strong> and it is high­ly en­cour­aged not to use a com­mon pass­word and a com­mon sub do­main. If the web in­ter­face does not de­tect any user name, it will load the web­site, but the ac­cess to the data is re­strict­ed to valid users.</p>
<p>Now we need to cre­ate the di­gest file, con­tain­ing the user names and pass­word-hash­es. We can there­for use the pro­gram <code>htdigest</code>, pro­vid­ed by <code>apache2-utils</code>, which should have been in­stalled as a de­pen­den­cy of icin­ga.<br />
<pre>
$ htdigest -c "/etc/lighttpd/icinga.htdigest" icinga icingaadmin
</pre></p>
<p>For Icin­ga on Lighttpd using a sub di­rec­to­ry, take a look at <a href="http://blog.waja.info/2013/11/24/running-icinga-with-lighttpd-on-a-raspberry/">Cy­conet Blog: Run­ning Icin­ga With Lighttpd on De­bian Wheezy</a></p>
Automatic hyphenationtag:www.sebix.at,2012-04-15:/2012/automatic-hyphenation-atom2012-04-15T17:46:00ZSebastian Wagnerhttps://www.sebix.at/sebix@sebix.at
<h3>Rea­sons for full jus­ti­fi­ca­tion</h3>
<p>Some weeks ago I began to play around with full jus­ti­fi­ca­tion of texts be­yond <span style="font-family: cmr10, LMRoman10-Regular, Times, serif; letter-spacing: 0.075em;">L<span style="text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 70%; margin-left: -0.36em; vertical-align: 0.3em; line-height: 0; margin-right: -0.15em;">a</span>T<span style="text-transform: uppercase; margin-left: -0.1667em; vertical-align: -0.5ex; line-height: 0; margin-right: -0.125em;">e</span>X</span>. Fully jus­ti­fied texts are used by pro­fes­sion­al type­set­ters and they can be found in al­most every news­pa­per. Full jus­ti­fi­ca­tion is nec­es­sary there, be­cause oth­er­wise the read­er would loose the ori­en­ta­tion be­tween all the small col­umns. They also ap­pear more and more in the In­ter­net as it just looks more pro­fes­sion­al and is far eas­i­er to read, in par­tic­u­lar when the para­graph widths are small. This is the case on mo­bile de­vices and in multi-col­umn-lay­outs using <span class="caps"><span class="caps">HTML</span></span>5.</p>
<h3>Re­spon­sive De­sign</h3>
<p>There’s an im­por­tant link to Re­spon­sive Web­de­sign as the jus­ti­fi­ca­tion de­pends es­sen­tial­ly on the dis­play-width. If a fully jus­ti­fied para­graph is hy­phened with the usual hy­phen <code>-</code>, it works only for a spe­cif­ic text/box-width and usu­al­ly fails with slight­ly changed ren­der­ing con­di­tions. Not only in Re­spon­sive De­sign, it is ex­pect­ed that all texts are scal­ing prop­er­ly and are dis­played in a read­able and con­sis­tent fash­ion, so a “hard hy­phen” <code>-</code> is a very bad idea.</p>
<p>Some time ago a found a web­site of a pro­fes­sion­al mar­ket­ing group which had a short (fully jus­ti­fied) para­graph at the top of their home­page. But they used just a nor­mal hy­phen <code>-</code>, which re­sults in ugly white spaces be­tween the words when zoom­ing in/out. This is of course not a good way to cre­ate jus­ti­fied para­graphs and can re­sult in a bad im­pres­sion!</p>
<h3>Ty­pog­ra­phy</h3>
<p>Above I men­tioned al­ready <span style="font-family: cmr10, LMRoman10-Regular, Times, serif; letter-spacing: 0.075em;">T<span style="text-transform: uppercase; margin-left: -0.1667em; vertical-align: -0.5ex; line-height: 0; margin-right: -0.125em;">e</span>X</span>, which has a great (maybe the best?) hy­phen­ation al­go­rithm. Any­way, it’s the best open one ;-). This al­go­rithm uses syl­la­ble di­vi­sion based on lan­guage-spe­cif­ic pat­terns. Of course there exist many ex­cep­tions to this com­mon rules, but the <span style="font-family: cmr10, LMRoman10-Regular, Times, serif; letter-spacing: 0.075em;">T<span style="text-transform: uppercase; margin-left: -0.1667em; vertical-align: -0.5ex; line-height: 0; margin-right: -0.125em;">e</span>X</span>-al­go­rithm is very well-en­gi­neered and fails very rarely under spe­cial and un­pre­dictable cases (in these cases you can help <span style="font-family: cmr10, LMRoman10-Regular, Times, serif; letter-spacing: 0.075em;">T<span style="text-transform: uppercase; margin-left: -0.1667em; vertical-align: -0.5ex; line-height: 0; margin-right: -0.125em;">e</span>X</span> by adding your own rules).</p>
<p>A sim­ple hy­phen­ation al­go­rithm with pat­tern-de­tec­tion can be eas­i­ly im­ple­ment­ed, but I only want per­fect so­lu­tions. So, pro­fes­sion­al set­ting pro­grams have their (good) so­lu­tions and take their time to process all the data. So what are the so­lu­tions for the web?</p>
<h3>So­lu­tions for the Web</h3>
<p>The prob­lem is that most Brows­er don’t have syl­la­ble di­vi­sion al­go­rithms im­ple­ment­ed, so the de­vel­op­ers and web de­sign­ers have to take care about this issue. There exist sev­er­al so­lu­tions which en­able au­to­mat­ic hy­phen­ation on the web. Some are im­ple­ment­ed in JavaScript, which gen­er­ate the hy­phen­ation at run-/ren­der-time in the brows­er. In my opin­ion this is the worst idea to solve this prob­lem, as JavaScript is re­quired and the hy­phen­ation is done for every ren­dering and every client (re­sult­ing in longer ren­dering times), thus it is more in­ef­fi­cient than other so­lu­tions.</p>
<p>Oth­ers gen­er­ate the so-called “soft-hy­phens” at run- or com­pile-time (on the serv­er by a <span class="caps"><span class="caps">CGI</span></span>-lan­guage or lo­cal­ly by sta­t­ic com­pil­ers), which are em­bed­ded in the <span class="caps"><span class="caps">HTML</span></span>-source­code by the <code>&shy;</code>-code. These <span class="caps"><span class="caps">HTML</span></span>-Codes are hints for the brows­er and sig­nal them the pos­si­ble syl­la­ble di­vi­sions. The Brows­er then knows where an in-word break is pos­si­ble and jus­ti­fies the para­graph per­fect­ly de­pend­ing on the block width. This method is used by <a href="https://www.sebix.at/projects/#acrylamid">acry­lamid</a> via a fil­ter and there­fore also en­abled on this home­page. It is the best method for the time being, be­cause it is sup­port­ed by all browsers! The only down­side of the soft hy­phens is, that the text is quite un­read­able in the source code (se­man­tic ex­pres­sions are of course not af­fect­ed).</p>
<h4><span class="caps"><span class="caps">CSS</span></span>3</h4>
<p>The best news is an up­com­ing fea­ture of <span class="caps"><span class="caps">CSS</span></span>3, called <code>hyphens</code>. It en­ables au­to­mat­ic hy­phen­ation al­go­rithms in the brows­ers, so that they can fi­nal­ly do the work they have to do: dis­play con­tent prop­er­ly. The fea­ture is yet not fully im­ple­ment­ed in every brows­er, so that brows­er-spe­cif­ic prop­er­ties have to be used. Ad­di­tion­al­ly the brows­ers may not sup­port all lan­guages yet.</p>
<pre><code>body {
-moz-hyphens: auto;
-ms-hyphens: auto;
-o-hyphens: auto;
-webkit-hyphens: auto;
hyphens: auto;
}
</code></pre>
<p>At the time being, the fea­ture is not at all re­li­ably im­ple­ment­ed! The best way re­mains adding soft hy­phens until every brows­er has a good hy­phen­ation al­go­rithm. Nev­er­the­less I added this code to my stylesheet, maybe it is help­ful for some ren­der­ings.</p>
<p>The cur­rent state of art can be test­ed on a pri­vate <a href="http://meyerweb.com/eric/css/tests/css3/show.php?p=hyphens">test-page</a>. The spec­i­fi­ca­tion is – as usual – at W3.org in the sec­tion <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-text/"><span class="caps"><span class="caps">CSS</span></span> Text Level 3</a>.</p>
The Particle Zoo of Modern Physicstag:www.sebix.at,2012-04-14:/particle-zoo-atom2012-04-14T13:53:00ZSebastian Wagnerhttps://www.sebix.at/sebix@sebix.at
<h3>Get it!</h3>
<p>Click on image above or choose:</p>
<ul>
<li>Down­load cur­rent <a href="http://cloud.github.com/downloads/sebix/particle-zoo/particle-zoo.pdf"><span class="caps"><span class="caps">PDF</span></span></a></li>
<li>Down­load cur­rent <a href="http://cloud.github.com/downloads/sebix/particle-zoo/particle-zoo.png"><span class="caps"><span class="caps">PNG</span></span></a> (low qual­i­ty!)</li>
<li>View cur­rent <a href="https://github.com/sebix/particle-zoo/blob/master/particle-zoo.svg"><span class="caps"><span class="caps">SVG</span></span></a></li>
<li>View <a href="http://github.com/sebix/particle-zoo/">Github-Pro­ject</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>The overview has gone… and reap­pears!</h3>
<p>When be­gin­ning to focus my in­ter­est on mod­ern physics as well as prepar­ing for my the­sis in physics for school I al­ways lost the overview due to the huge mass of in­for­ma­tion. Fur­ther­more I was un­able to find any good ref­er­ence sheet or an overview about all the par­ti­cles of the stan­dard-model of mod­ern physics. So I de­cid­ed in my dis­tress to cre­ate my own one, there­fore I would have to study the sub­ject mat­ter very deep and ad­di­tion­al­ly it could help oth­ers.</p>
<h3>The tar­get of this cheat­sheet</h3>
<p>My cheat­sheet is meant to help up­com­ing and learn­ing in­ter­est­ed par­ties to ease their start in mod­ern par­ti­cle physics. The Cheat­sheet is nei­ther com­plete nor math­e­mat­i­cal­ly cor­rect, what it is not meant to be­come! The par­ti­cle zoo is in­tend­ed for a kick start, not as sci­en­tif­ic ref­er­ence.</p>
<h3>The shown data</h3>
<p>I in­clud­ed only the data I was in­ter­est­ed in, es­pe­cial­ly basic prop­er­ties like spin, mass, elec­tric charge, life­time and even­tu­al sub par­ti­cles. Struc­tur­ing the in­di­vid­ual par­ti­cles in their typ­i­cal groups, helped me a lot in un­der­stand­ing all the spe­cial re­la­tion­ships.</p>
<h3>En­hance it!</h3>
<p>The Par­ti­cle Zoo has been pub­lished under the Cre­ative-Com­mons Li­cense, per­mit­ting dis­tri­b­u­tion and edit­ing. I also ap­pre­ci­ate any feed­back to make it just per­fect ;)</p>